Authors: ZHIYUAN WEI, Beijing Institute of Technology, China; JING SUN, University of Auckland, New Zealand); ZIJIAN ZHANG, XIANHAO ZHANG, XIAOXUAN YANG, and LIEHUANG ZHU, Beijing Institute of Technology, China; XIANHAO ZHANG, Beijing Institute of Technology, China; XIAOXUAN YANG, Beijing Institute of Technology, China; LIEHUANG ZHU, Beijing Institute of Technology, China.
bytecode to a structured IR to check gas-related Vulnerabilities. NeuCheck employs the Solidity parser ANTLR to complete the transformation from source code to an IR . VRust successfully translates Rust source code of Solana smart contracts into Mid-level IR. However, there are two challenges in IR analysis: Because of semantic heterogeneity, it is unavoidable to produce semantic missing during the security analysis; IR takes more processing time. 5.1.5 Machine Learning.
Checker examines transactions to determine if they exhibit the characteristics of a reentrancy attack, where a contract can be called recursively before previous invocations have been completed. Sereum aims to prevent reentrancy attacks by employing taint tracking techniques. It tracks the flow of data from storage variables to control-flow decisions, helping identify potential vulnerabilities .
has been integrated into popular blockchains that support the -based smart contracts. However, it’s worth noting that formal verification through theorem proving is a semi-automated process that often requires manual interaction. It is commonly used to detect broader classes of vulnerabilities, including logic errors and design flaws, rather than specific instances of vulnerabilities. Theorem proving 5.1.2 Symbolic Execution. It systematically explores more possible execution paths simultaneously to trigger deep program errors.
to assign a cost to the execution of an instruction. This mechanism can effectively prevent resource abuse and avoid “infinite" loops . When issuing a transaction, the sender needs to specify a gas limit and a gas price before submitting it to the network. Gas represents much more than just the cost of processing transactions on the Ethereum network. A smart contract is capable of running various applications, allowing it to form a decentralized web.
Checker and Sereum rely on modified versions of Ethereum Virtual Machine and primarily focus on detecting reentrancy attacks. In contrast, ÆGIS takes a broader approach by providing an extensible framework for detecting new vulnerabilities in smart contracts. It maintains attack patterns and reverts transactions that match these patterns, thereby enhancing security.
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